Fine Sediment Analysis and the Impacts of Fine Sediment Pollution in Brampton Arm of River Nene

All right Sediment Analysis and the Impacts of Fine Sediment Pollution in Brampton Arm of River Nene Introduction:All right deposits are recognized as the most common and important beginning of pollution in the riverine system ( Robinson, 1973 ) . The sediment burdens delivered to watercourses starts from a figure of upstream primary and secondary deposit beginnings, including cultivated Fieldss and bank eroding ( Collinset Al.1997 ) . Erosion procedures and sediment bringing are the built-in portion of aquatic systems that influence the geomorphology, habitat distribution and H2O quality. The aquatic communities are besides extremely adapted and they are able to get by with the natural baseline deposit inputs. Whereas, the healthy fresh water ecosystems besides require the proper inputs of deposits into the system to keep the home ground and alimentary fluxes ( Collinset Al.1997 ) . At the planetary graduated table suspended solids concentrations in many rivers has increase dramatically in the recent old ages ( Walling, 2006 ) . Existing grounds suggests that natural deposit burdens have been well exceeded in many catchment countries in the UK, peculiarly since World War II ( Evans, 2006 ) . The deposit lading into the rivers and channels may be due to some natural procedure and some are due to anthropogenetic activities. The anthropogenetic activities which are majorly involved in the sediment pollution of the rivers are: addition in the countries of cultivable cultivation, taking to the greater countries of bare and exposed dirts susceptible to erodings by winter rainfall ( Greig,et Al.2005 ) ; mechanized farm patterns which compact the dirt increases overflow and dirt eroding ( McMellinet Al.2002 ; Bilotta,et Al.2007 ) ; Intensification of agribusiness patterns by the usage of multiple cropping on cultivable land technique ( Heanetet al. ,2001 ) and increased bank eroding due to the loss of natural hydrology. Excessive all right deposits in suspension or deposited can hold negative impacts upon all the life phases of fish, peculiarly salmanid in many parts of United Kingdom ( Collins and Walling, 2007 ; Collinset al. ,2008 ) . The impacts upon the ecosystems will depend on several cardinal factors like: the concentration of all right deposits in the suspension ; the continuance of exposure to the deposits ; and the chemical composing of the sediment atom size ( Bilotta and Brazier, 2008 ) . These all factors can do the finding of the impacts of mulct suspended atoms on the vegetations and zoologies of the river and watercourse. Effectss of Higher Fine Sediment contents:the relationship between the higher mulct suspended deposits on fish varies mostly, as it depends upon the life phase, clip of twelvemonth, size of the fish, and the composing of the all right deposits and handiness of off-channel home ground ( Bashet al. ,2001 ) . The exposure magnitude and the continuance and the frequence of exposures ( Servizi and Martens, 1992 ) are other countries of concern. For illustration, in reappraisal of the published literature the threshold degrees of the mulct suspended deposits are based on the dose-response experiments which examines the impaired growing, reduced eating and mortality, i.e. 27-80,000 mh/l for Mollusca and 4-330,000mg/l for assorted fish species ( Berryet Al.2003 ) . These scopes of the badness of consequence of SS concentration are map of associated stressors which includes atom size, species life, phase of life, temperature, the presence of certain deposit associated contaminations and the s ediment burden continuance ( Swietliket al. ,2003 ) . Due to the complex nature of the interaction of such stressors, it is improbable that a comprehensive list of genus-based critical suspended deposit concentration marks can be developed in the short term ( USEPA, 2003 ) . The higher content of the finer suspended can besides ensue in the decreased reproduction and the growing of the fish through the debasement of engendering home grounds and surrounding eggs and yolk-sac Fry. For illustration Salmonid eggs requires clean and good oxygenated environment during the embryologic development phase, so eggs are laid in permeable crushed rock beds with interstitial pore infinites which allow the transition of oxygenated H2O, inordinate all right deposits in the H2O can choke off these interstitial pores, blockading the circulation of the fresh oxygenated H2O, which may cut down the egg endurance ( Carling, 1984 ; Mageeet al. ,1996 ) . Furthermore, other effects of the higher all right deposit contents in the river watercourse on the fish biology includes: gill irritation/traumas, tumours and gill flaring ( Berg, 1982 ; Schleiger, 2000 ) ; addition in the plasma glucose in their blood systems ( Servizi and Martens, 1987 ) ; cut downing the migrating population of fish ( Newcombe and Macdonald, 1991 ) , the turning away reaction of the fish compels them to travel off from the country of higher pollution ( Sigleret al. ,1984 ; Bashet al. ,2001 ) ; all right deposits exerts an of import control on the transportation and destiny of a broad scope of agricultural and industrial contamination ( Warrenet al. ,2003 ) , so the deposits can act as vectors for the transportation of the pollutants in the H2O organic structures, many of the pollutants which are transferred by the all right deposits have abilities to poison the H2O system, and do it unsuitable for the aquatic life to last ( Nealet al. ,1999 ) The above treatment can be summarized by stating that the high concentration of the mulct suspended deposits can negatively impact the fish population by cut downing ; 1 ) the diverseness of sensitive species, 2 ) overall population copiousness, 3 ) the proportion of the omnivores within the overall population. All these factors can hold impacts even at sub deadly concentrations of the mulct suspended solids, cumulatively cut downing the resiliency of fish species and hence their opposition to environmental emphasiss including other signifiers of the H2O pollution, marauders, disease and over development. The cause and effects of biological and chemical debasement are good documented ( Fozzard, 1994 ) . Soulsby et Al. ( 2001 ) carried a prelimary survey on the engendering home ground utilized by Atlantic Salmon ( Salmon Alar ) and Sea Trout ( Salmo trutta ) . The high contents of the suspended mulct deposits in the crushed rocks provide cheques on the pink-orange productions in the low-land watercourse ( Sear, 1993 ; Brogan and Soulsby, 1996 ; Acornely and Sear, 1998 ) . The addition in the all right deposits in fresh water ensuing from the anthropogenetic activities and inordinate urban development is the possible stressor for fish and therefore may do population diminution. Additionally it can be said that the turbid H2O and to a great extent silted bed deposits can degrade the watercourse home ground for unattached immature salmonids in affected watercourses ( Lisle and Lewis, 1992 ) . The UK criterions for the mulct suspended deposits were set up by the EU Freshwater Fish Directive ( FFD ) . The FFD defined some bounds for the all right deposits in the fresh water i.e. the suspended deposits should non transcend the average one-year value of 25 mg/l ( EU, FFD ) . This was the lone criterion guideline which should be achieved where possible. No imperative criterions ( the criterions which must be met ) were in being for the all right deposits in the UK ( S & A ; T Briefing Paper ) . A assortment of sediment grain size fractions have been considered by the environmental directors and research workers in their attempts to place aquatic impacts in past. There is immense figure of documents published in past that gave different criterions of the all right deposit content in the aquatic systems, some of them are mentioned below: After the amendment of the British Columbia Water Quality Guidelines for turbidness, suspended and benthal deposits, the new guidelines recommended that streambed composing at Salmonid engendering sites should non transcend 10 % of & lt ; 2mm, 19 % of & lt ; 3mm, and 25 % of & lt ; 6.35mm ( Caux et al. , 1997 ) ; McNeil and Ahnell ( 1964 ) , they suggested that an addition in sediment volume of atoms less than 0.833 millimeter would ensue in both reduced permeableness and generative success ; Whereas, harmonizing to Chapman ( 1988 ) silver salmon and buddy salmon endurance was reciprocally relative to increase in particle size less than 3.3 m illimeter. Furthermore, he besides reported that any per centum of 6-12 millimeter atoms above 15 % or of atoms less than 6mm above 25 % reduces the opportunities of endurance of salmon eggs. Reasoning the above treatment, irrespective of the specific grain size of the deposits, it is readily evident that an surplus of all right grain deposit has possible to negative impacts on the biodiversity of the aquatic ecosystems. It has already been discussed that big figure or surplus of all right deposits would impair the reproduction behaviour of the fish and other life signifiers in aquatic ecosystems. Purposes of present survey:the chief purpose of the present survey is to happen out the all right deposit content of the Brampton Arm of the River Nene, and to compare the all right deposits in the watercourse with the above literature. The criterions proposed by Caux et Al. ( 1997 ) , would be used as mention for this survey. Furthermore, on the footing of the consequences of the experiment, we would hold a clear image of the all right deposit contents of the river watercourse under survey, to pull a decision whether the all right deposits would impact the fish biodiversity in the river watercourse or non. Methods:The method employed for the aggregation of the all right river bed deposits was simple Mac Neil Sampling technique. Three pails of the Mac Neil samples were collected at the site. The samples were dried and so sieved through the BS criterion screens in research lab to hold the clear image of the sediment contents of the subsurface river bed. For the surface grain size appraisal, Wolman technique was used to acquire an estimation for the surface grain size proportions. Consequences:the consequences are attached as graphs in annexures of this study. The analysis of the consequences which are attached asGraph 1shows that the riffle sample of the Bramptom arm of the river Nene was ill sorted ; the deposits were flaxen class crushed rock. It had big sum of class crushed rock and low measure of the really all right sand. The statistics of the sample are attached asTable 1in the annexures of this study. The measure of the really all right sand is below 2 % , whereas, it had big proportion of the medium crushed rock nowadays in it. The analysis of the ripple sample shows that the part of the river watercourse had really low all right deposits in it, which would impact the biodiversity and the fishing home grounds and angling community in the river. TheGraph 2,attached as an annexure, shows the consequences of the analysis of the 2nd sample which was attained at the Pool/Riffle Glide subdivision of the river watercourse. Again the sample was ill sorted and there was a loss of 1.2 % of the sample during the sieving operation. The sample showed the belongingss of sand crushed rock. There was a big proportion of the crushed rock nowadays in the sample, whereas, the sand is merely approximately 25 % . Further grain size distribution shows that the sample contained all right sand of approximately 2.9 % , and the really all right sand is below 1 % . As the sample can be classified as flaxen Gravel, it had major proportion of class crushed rock atoms, whereas, the all right crushed rock is non in important per centums. TheTable 2attached as the annexure shows the sum-up of the sample which was analyzed. Uniting both the samples, the loss of weight on sieving is 3.3 % . The comparative hapless sorting and the loss of weight of sample, h as decidedly impacted the consequences of the analysis. The loss may be termed as general sieving mistakes and mistakes related to the human carelessness. Discussions:on the footing of the consequences, certain decisions are drawn to acquire clearer image of the type of the river deposits present in the Brampton Arm of the river Nene. There was an overall loss of 3.3 % of the sample during the sieving operations. The mistake impacted the consequences of the analysis. Furthermore, the samples were ill sorted, which may be as a consequence of general human mistakes or deficient clip for screening operations. The tabular arraies and Graphs have been attached with this study to back up the treatment which was carried out in the literature above. As there are no perfect empirical criterions available by which we can compare the consequences of the experiment to happen out the measure of the all right deposits present in the river watercourse. For the interest of convenience, the criterions put frontward by British Columbia Water Quality Guidelines for turbidness, suspended and benthal deposits were used to compare the sum of all right deposits in the river watercourse. As mentioned above in literature part of the study, the all right deposits & lt ; 2mm should non transcend 10 % by proportion in the river watercourse. Sediments mensurating & lt ; 2mm if exceeds in the per centum proportion would hold hurtful impacts upon the fish home grounds and the other biodiversity nowadays in the river H2O. The overall consequences drawn from the experiments, and by graphs and tabular arraies, we came to a decision that the entire per centum of the atoms and the deposits less than 2mm were 12.2 % . The per centum is rather higher than the criterions proposed by the British Columbia Water Quality Guidelines. The dirt fish life in the country under survey may be held responsible for the addition in the all right deposits in the river system. Another ground behind this scenario may be that the country from where the Brampton arm of river Nene base on ballss had a big arable land around it, so any agricultural activity transporting out may be able contributes the all right deposit pollution in the river watercourse.

Processor of Frozen Foods Essay

Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its 25th birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits. The Olympic Foods tries to convince its stockholders through its annual report that it can increase profits as it has long experience. This is supported by comparing with a color film industry in which, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print feel from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. This argument makes some assumptions which is not supported with evidences. The Olympic Foods wrongly compares itself with a color film processing industry. The techniques and environment applicable to the color film processing industry may not be applicable to the food processing industry. What applies to a color film may not apply to food. For example, irrespective of the company’s experience, the time taken for a food to ferment would not change significantly. Just the 25 years of experience cannot be mentioned as a reason for increased profits. Other factors such as climate, market competition would also affect the profit of a company. With all such factors taken into consideration, if it can be proved that experience helps in reducing costs and maximizing profits, the argument would be strengthened. Since the argument misses several key issues, it is not very sound. If it included the points discussed above, the argument could have been thorough and more convincing.

Internet Personal Security Is Not Absolute Essay

Internet is the most trending and most widely used in today’s generation, either it is used for communication, used for sharing files and documents, for making new acquaintances, or just for own enjoyment. People can also use the internet when they want to socialize with others, when they want to share what’s on their mind and the on goings of their lives, when they want to know what the trending topics like news and scandals, or when they want to post some pranks or scum other people. Internet usability can either be a great help to everyone or it can impose a threat to someone or somebody. People think that when they post something online, whether it is good, bad, privately, or publicly, that information is safely sealed and secured. But the truth is, it can be freely access or easily steal from them. Hacking, viruses, trojans, and especially own self are some of the reasons that threaten internet security. Among all of these examples, hacking is on the top list. Even though there are some laws against hacking like the Republic Act No. 10175, also known as the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012, it is not enough assurance to protect the people against hackers and it doesn’t improve the internet security. Changes need to be made in the law to increase internet security, and find and punish cyber criminals. Additional laws to stop cybercriminals and necessary, unenforceable, and could infringe upon interest users rights to privacy and the growth of the internet. The issue here is that the internet security is not that secured for users or for people to rely upon. People can hide their files thoroughly or limit the number of people who can access his or her private account but sooner or later that information will be publish and revealed publicly with or without his or her approval. There are different explanations on why this information once hidden and now visible seen by many people, but the most common reason is that â€Å"your file/ information is being hacked†, it can be an expert hacker or you have been chosen for someone’s prank or hobby. In strict definition of â€Å"hacker†, according to Rouse, M. (October, 2006): â€Å"Hacker is a term for â€Å"a clever programmer† who wanted to break into someone’s computer systems. These are people who enjoy learning details of programming language or system. They want to further their knowledge and skills in a particular computer language. Typically, the hacker is either proficient programmer or engineer with technical knowledge on the weakness and vulnerability of the computer system. (Rouse, M. (October, 2006). Definition: hacker. Search Security. Retrieved on January 23, 2013 from http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/hacker).† Like the given definition, because of the hacker’s hobby of exploring and gaining more knowledge on his preferred programming language, he will not give a care on whose account he is butchering, as long as he increases his understanding and skills on his chosen subject. He will not consider if it is personally- owned or government-owned accounts, as long as it interests him, he will do anything on his power to hack that website. Like for example the issue of hacking some government and civil society websites in the Philippines. According to Kabiling, G. D. (October 2, 2012): â€Å"The Anonymous Philippines (as what the hackers describe theirselves) hacked different government and civil society websites, namely: Police Community Relations Group (PCRG) of the Philippine National Police (PNP), Maritime Industry Authority (Marina), Intellectual Property Office (IPO), and Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). The reason for their attacked is to voice out their pr otest and opinions on implementing the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012. (Kabiling, G. D. (October 2, 2012). More Gov’t Websites Hacked: Cybercrime law in effect starting Wednesday. Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation. Retrieved on January 24, 2013 from http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/375681/more-gov-t-websites-hacked#.UQGDCScUuBw).† There is also a hacking issue on American banks, which according to Staff, R. (September 20, 2012): â€Å"The hacking of websites and corporate networks at Bank of America, JP Morgan Chase & Co and Citigroup began in late 2011 and escalated this year. According to one of their sources, the attacks were in response to U.S. sanctions on Iranian banks.† The two issues are both similar and different. It is similar because they reported about different hacker’s interfere someone’s computer system. Different because on the first issue, hacking the government websites, the hackers introduced their group and post the reason why they block the websites and on the second issue, the hacker denied their involvement even though many evidences are pointing towards them. Hacking is the most dangerous hobby. Even though the Philippine government implemented the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012, it cannot give assurance on protecting the people. The Philippine government must change this law and focus more on the most problematic cybercrime issues. Government must strengthen the internet security in order to lessen the attacks of the hackers to the innocent people who freely use the internet. And in order to accomplish the changes they must first know why the internet security is absolute? Who are the people affected and can use the internet security? How someone knows if the internet security they use can either be helpful or can trigger harm to them?

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Choose two poems from the book Donkey Gospel and argue for a single Thesis

Choose two poems from the book Donkey Gospel and argue for a single theme supported by both poems - Thesis Example This paper gives an insight into two of his famous poems from the very collection, and how the two may be compared to each other on the basis of stark humour. The poet is not afraid to go all out and make comments about everyday things that might end up hurting others. This is because, he has tried to make everything simple and help people understand the spirit and jest hidden in everything. His writing style elucidates the kind of writing a man with an open conscience would be able to carry out well. The two poems chosen for the purpose of analysis within this paper are ‘Jet’ and ‘Reading Moby Dick at 30,000 Feet’. Both the poems have the element of humour within them explained with the help of examples taken from life’s perspective. â€Å"On earth, men celebrate their hairiness, and it is good, a way of letting life out of the box, uncapping the bottle to let the effervescence gush through the narrow, usually constricted neck.† (Hoagland, Ton y) These lines have been taken from the poem titled Jet, and they talk about the obviousness that a person must go through in life, in order to understand its true meaning. Adept with deep humour, the lines talk about how a man has no choice but to celebrate the joy of life with what he has, even if it is his own bodily hair, and doing this is the best way by which one can let go of himself. He has tried to make an analogy of a person’s imagination and mind with that of champagne gushing out of the narrow neck of a glass bottle. The humour in the lines can be seen in the way Hoagland has tried to portray the simplicity of life; equipped with personal hair. He means to tell his readers that a person might not have much but even facial or body hair is enough to get him out of the rat race that everyone seems to be so inherently a part of. In his other poem titled â€Å"Reading Moby Dick at 30,000 Feet, he writes, â€Å"I would estimate the distance between myself and my own f eelings is roughly the same as the mileage from Seattle to New York, so I can lean back into the upholstered interval between Muzak and lunch, . . .† (Hoagland, Tony) Through these very lines, the poet has again tried to make humorous comparisons of life with analogies taken from everyday routines that people undergo. He has tried to depict how human emotions and feelings do not only play up when a person wants them to do so, against or for someone else. Feelings are something that is strong enough to distance a man from his own self too. So in accordance to the same, he writes that his feelings are as far away from himself as the distance there is between Seattle and New York and the best part about embarking upon this long journey of figuring out what his feelings are actually, is that during the interim period, a person is able to relax into his calm sub conscious mind and make travels to and fro the various nooks and crannies in the corner of one’s mind (between mus ic and lunch, or other aspects of daily living.) Both these poems thus are very similar to one another on the basis of the theme that they have been written in. They both talk about certain fundamental questions of life and how to counter a person’s emotions. Both poems have strong analogies with a certain hint of humour equipped in them as well. Even though the poems might answer different questions altogether, they do fall into line while coming

The Maasai Tribe Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Maasai Tribe - Research Paper Example While in European culture, a house is spacious and is furnished with a whole range of furniture including wall units, tables, sofa sets, entertainment systems and modern utensils, the Maasai hut is small and scantily furnished (Spearand Waller, 1993). Lemalian’s hut has animal skins and hides that serve as the sitting mats. Furniture do not matter much to the Maasai, all they care about is their livestock. The Maasai believe that Ngai handed over the livestock to the Maasai ancestors. Wealth is measured based on the size of the herds of cattle that an individual owns in the Maasai culture. The Maasai believe that it is okay to invade and take away cattle from their neighbors (Spearand Waller, 1993), something that is unacceptable in European culture. This is because they believe that cattle are given to them by their god. Measurement of wealth in European culture quite much differs from the Maasai’s perception. Europeans measure wealth in terms of money and a wide range of assets. In stead of stealing from other communities, Europeans believe in hard work and entrepreneurship. Carola, a Swiss woman no wonder values her car and tries to create more wealth by establishing shop in the village. Female Circumcision There is a great contrast between the Maasai and Swedish culture in respect of the fact that the latter do not practice female circumcision even as the former embraces it without question. Women are forced, against their wishes, to undergo circumcision as is presented in Rohrbach’s (2005) The White Maasai. The age-old cultural practice greatly frustrates Carola who hates to be involved in it. Every woman in the Maasai community is expected to undergo circumcision. The ritual is conducted as an initiation to adulthood, the uncircumcised being considered children irrespective of their age and unfit for marriage (Spearand Waller, 1993). The practice is done using crude tools and is most painful an experience. Carola being a Swiss woman a nd already married without being circumcised is viewed as weak and unfit for praise in the community in spite of her hard work. Appreciating the women’s suffering during circumcision, she tries to make the community understand that subjecting women to such suffering is completely unwarranted. Her please land on deaf years, as circumcision roots back to prehistoric times according to the communities’ elders. Women’s and Men’s Duties Women and girls in Maasai community have a number of duties. Some of the duties include constructing the manyattas and huts, milking, fetching water and firewood, and harvesting calabashes and gourds according to (Spearand Waller, 1993). They also clean the gourds and decorate them using beads and leather. Men on the other hand have the main responsibility of herding livestock. Men are nurtured by women and greatly revered (Spencer, 2003). The girls and women are expected to remain submissive to their male counterparts and in f act have no say in the community’s activities. Women are expected to serve their husbands and other males even when it hurts in the Maasai community (Spencer, 2003). In fact, men are preferred to women in the Maasai community, not like in the Swedish culture where boys and girls are equally appreciated. This can be seen when Carola is forced to employ the chief’s lazy nephew in her shop. The uneducated boy has to be

Final writing exercise Essay Example for Free

Final writing exercise Essay There are three phases whereby each has a different crystal structure at three different temperatures. At room temperature (298K), Phase III is present whereby Cs3H(SeO4)2 has a crystal structure of a monoclinic with a space group of C2/m. At 400K, Phase II is present whereby Cs3H(SeO4)2 has a crystal structure of a monoclinic-A2/a symmetry. At 470K, Phase I is present whereby Cs3H(SeO4)2 has a crystal structure of a trigonal with a space group of R3-m. In Phase III, as we can see in Figure 2(a), the positioning of the tetrahedrons is parallel to the a-axis, and in between these SeO4 tetrahedrons are the hydrogen bonds. Looking at a 2dimensional perspective, we can also see that there is a translation movement of the SeO4 tetrahedrons along the a-axis; hence the symmetry operator would be a glide line parallel to a-axis. In a 3-dimensional perspective, we can see that Phase III has a 2-fold rotation axis and contains glide planes. In Phase II, from Figure 2(b), we can see that the positioning of the SeO4 tetrahedrons are along the approximate direction [310]. Observing the schematic of the crystal structure in Phase II, we can see that there is a vertical mirror line in between the SeO4 tetrahedrons. There is also an a-glide reflection vertically. In Phase I, from Figure 2(c), the positioning of SeO4 tetrahedron is similar to that of Phase II, however the difference is the crystal structure and the hydrogen bonding. Comparing both Phase II and Phase III crystal structures of the compound, Phase II contains two-fold screw axis, inversion center and a two-fold rotation axis, which is the sole reason for Phase II to be twice of that of Phase III in terms of geometrical  arrangement of hydrogen bonds. From the above analysis of the symmetry of the crystals structures in different phases, we can tell that Phase III has the most symmetry operators and hence achieving the highest crystal symmetry generating a low geometrical arrangement of hydrogen bonds. Due to the low geometrical arrangement of hydrogen bonds, the mobility of protons decreases giving the result of ferroelasticiy. The drastic change from superprotonic conductivity to ferroelasticty happens when there is a change from Phase II to Phase III. The major difference between theses 2 phases is the hydrogen bond arrangement. Paragraph 2 Under the optical microscope, we can observe that the polymorphic domains will alter at each phase transition to a different extent. We can see in phase III that the domains in the Cs3H(SeO4)2 crystal are made up of polydomains separated by two kinds of domain boundaries. The two kinds of domain boundaries are categorized as the planes of {311} and {11n}, where n is determined by the strain compatibility condition. The domains at the sides of each domain boundary are related to the reflective symmetry or the rotational symmetry on that boundary itself. Furthermore, we can observe that the angle between any domain and its neighboring domains is approximately 120 °, which is very close to the theoretical values calculated using the lattice parameters. As we move on from phase III to phase II, we can observe that the domain structure alters slightly by the phase transition of TII–III. Similarly, the reflective symmetry and rotational symmetry also changes at the same phase transition. However, the kinds of domain and domain boundary remain the same as those in phase III despite a change in domain pattern. This could be due to the slight change in alignment of hydrogen bonding between the SeO4 tetrahedrons when the existing hydrogen bonds were broken to form new weaker  ones. This might explains why their lattice parameters a and b do not really change appreciably. Compared to phase III previously, the angle between any domain and its neighboring domains in phase II is also approximately 120 ° and is justified by the theoretical values determined from the same equation we used for phase III. Hence, this suggest a slight change in the Cs3H(SeO4)2 crystal structure at the phase transition of TII–III. From phase II to phase I, the domain boundaries is observed to have disappear just before the curie temperature of the phase transition of TI–II and the crystal structure changes from  optically biaxial to optically uniaxial. This could be due to an external stress caused by the atomic rearrangement of the SeO4 tetrahedrons in the Cs3H(SeO4)2 crystal as a result of breaking the hydrogen bonds between them. Paragraph 3 Higher temperatures for most material will enable atoms to move to low energy sites, fitting into a perfect crystal symmetry. Cs3H(SeO4)2 however behaves differently. As the temperature increases (above 396K), its crystal symmetry decreases when it changes phase from III to II. The orientation of the hydrogen bond for phase II and III differs. For phase II, the orientation is along [310] and [3-10] direction whereas for phase III, it is parallel to the aaxis. As the transition from phase III to II occurs, the precursor of the superprotonic conductivity is observed. In order for movement of proton to occur, the breaking and then recombination of hydrogen bonds are required. For phase III, in order for the movement of one proton, the breaking of 2 hydrogen bonds is needed. The reason as to why 2 hydrogen bond is needed to be broken and recombined again is because for the movement of one proton to occur, it must break the hydrogen bond it resides in and then change its orientation, recombining at another site; the mirroring effect of opposite hydrogen bond is required to maintain the crystal symmetry i.e. to say that the another hydrogen bond parallel to the previous hydrogen bond site needs to be broken and recombined at other site parallel to the newly  recombined hydrogen bond. In this way, in phase III, the recombination of two hydrogen bonds is simultaneously needed for one proton transport. Phase II however, behaves differently. The movement of the proton is independent of the other protons at other hydrogen site. The crystal structure allows for this flexibility of the proton motion, which the superprotonic conduction takes place. The mechanism in which proton transportation occurs in the polymorphs is by the diffusion of protons through a hydrogen bond network, by the cleaving and formation of the hydrogen bonds. However, in certain phases, the cleavage and formation of the hydrogen bond might differ. The fuel cell works on the basis of the movement of protons. The movement of electrons should be disallowed as it would short circuit the fuel cell. Hence, a membrane is used to allow only the movement of protons across and not electrons and gases. On top of that, in order for a superprotonic effect to occur, the flexibility for proton motion must be allo wed. Hence, the lesser symmetrically patterned the phases the protons reside in, the higher this flexibility.

Improvement of Warranty Management Using Logistics

Improvement of Warranty Management Using Logistics Improvement of WARRANTY MANAGEMENT using logistics Abstract The purpose for the paper is to build up a calculated system that incorporates the innovation and business issues ahead of schedule at the outline stage to limit warranty costs in the most compelling and effective way. These days, giving a decent post-buy benefit has turned out to be critical then the effectiveness of warranty administration programs is by all accounts urgent. On warranty administration programs through calculated bolster arranging. Beginning from a reference structure for warranty administration, the paper traces the part that the calculated support can play in expanding process productivity. Specifically, extraordinary angles are tended to, such as order of framework segments, meaning of repair levels and support errands. The introduced structure is alluded to the military business in which calculated methodologies are broadly connected. Regardless of this, proposed technique can be considered all around substantial and effortlessly pertinent to various setting. INTRODUCTION of Articles Because of the increasing customer expectations, item exhibitions and qualities are no longer the sole perspectives to consider in a focused worldwide market. For buyers satisfaction product, must perform to their fullest. To achieve this performance, the part of post-deal administrations, especially amid warranty period becomes crucial so that an efficient warranty program represents a competitive asset. The administration of warranty is not simple task as it includes various parameters like technical terms, managerial issue and administration. During the warranty period, things must be kept up or reestablished to a state in which it can play out the required capacity, expected to give a given administration (Gonzalez Diaz et al. 2009). There are distinctive sorts of warrantys every one suited an alternate sort of item (purchaser, business and modern, standard versus custom-constructed, and so forth.) (Lyons and Murthy 2001, Menezes and Quelch 1990). A writing survey uncovers vital collaborations amongst  warranty and different order (Gonzalez Diaz et al. 2009, Murthy and Djamaludin 2002, Murthy and Blishke 2005, Gonzalez Diaz and Crespo Marquez 2010, Murthy et al. 2004) affecting warranty effectiveness. Among every one of them, especially essential are the followings: Outsourcing: warranty benefit or by and large, the after-deals branch of an organization, is generally one of the most defenseless to be  outsourced because of its okay and due likewise to the way that, among other highlights, outsourcing gives lawful protection to such help administrations (Gomez et al. 2009). Quality: a reliability and quality improvement of the product has not only an advantageous and favorable impact in front of the client; it also highly reduces the expected warranty cost (Chukova Hayakawa 2004, Lutz Padmanabhan 1998). Maintenance: In some cases, amid the warranty  period the maker still has a solid control over its item and its conduct. Furthermore, the normal warranty costs depend  regularly not just on warranty necessities, yet, likewise on the related upkeep plan of the item (Yeh and Lo 2001, Dimitrov et al. 2004, Kim et al. 2004, Wu and Li 2007). Costs: about cost estimation, there are nowadays methods to estimate accurately the final cost of a specific acquisition contract as, for instance, the Estimate at Completion (EAC) method  (Christensen 1993), a management technique that can be used in a project for the control of the costs progress. The paper addresses the problem of warranty management efficiency, for complex system such as a custom-built product where huge number segments and conditions must be considered. The paper is sorted out as takes after. In segment 2 a system for warranty administration is proposed, suggesting the utilization of settled strategies, coming from different disciplines, to improve process efficiency. In section 3 the main issues of warranty logistics are presented, whereas in section 4 the proposed methodology for the application of logistic support to warranty management is illustrated. Finally, conclusions and hints for further research are presented. THE WARRANTY MANAGEMENT The proposed process for warranty management consists of four steps, following the PDCA cycle and principles of Quality Management Systems as per 9001:2008. The initial step of a warranty administration handle comprises in the meaning of nonspecific and destinations. This choice is central for the key detailing of warranty arrangements and it must consider alternate point of view. To stay away from inconsistencies between the warranty program and the general business system the utilization of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) in this stage is suggested. Other useful methods to use during the planning phase are Criticality Analysis (CA) and Root Cause Failure Analysis (RCFA) to focus actions on those high impact specific failures showing rare and high failure frequency (Gonzà ¡lez Dà ­az et al. 2011 a). study on reliability based design of a series-parallel system and used GA to obtain optimal values of system design, burn-in period for different lengths of warranty, PM intervals and rep lacement time. Deb (1999, 2001) and Hu et al. (2007) used multi-objective GA to solve the goal programming problems. Some of the literature also focused on achieving customer satisfaction through improvements in the warranty parameters by making changes in the design. Manna et al. (2006) and Maronick (2007) focused on maximization of customers utility in terms of warranty duration for the different warranty policies. The last stride of the procedure is warranty program change. Considering the extensive number of conceivable approach, the selection of Customer Relationship Administration and Six Sigma appear to be especially viable. Different devices that can be utilized for the change are identified with the usage of new innovations, for example, e-warranty methodologies, where e-warranty can be characterized as a warranty program bolster which incorporates the assets, administrations and administration important to empower  proactive choice. This support not just incorporates e-i nnovations, additionally e-warranty exercises such as e-checking, e-conclusion, e-visualization, and so forth. WARRANTY LOGISTIC AND SUPPORT Warranty and logistics literature is vast, the problem of logistics of warranty servicing has not been deeply analyzed (Murthy et al. 2004). Murthy proposes the following classification of strategic, tactical and operational issues concerning warranty servicing. (Table 1). Strategic Tactical and operational Location of material Spare part inventory stocking points Location of service centers Material transportation Location of warehouses Replace versus repair Demand for spares Scheduling of jobs, repairs Service channels repairs and travelling repairman problem In facing these issues, product characteristics are fundamental as for warranty polices. In this field, literature contributions are mainly related to commercial products, dealing with specific problems. For example, Considering the replace or repair issue, there are numerous approaches to support this decision (Murthy Nguyen, Jack Vander Duyn Schouten 2000, Jack Murthy 2001, Zuo  et al. 2000). On these considerations, in this paper some of the above mentioned tactical and operational logistics issues are discussed, focusing the attention on complex products which need to be maintained over their life. For these systems, such as military aircrafts, logistic support becomes a crucial part of the warranty management policy, considering characteristics of products and existent constraints, especially in the military field. Logistic support deals with provisioning, procurement, materials handling, transportation, distribution and warehousing of items and the support  infrastructure needed for carrying out these activities over the life of the product (Murthy et al. 2004). According to this definition, it becomes clear how many aspects of a product logistic support  influence the efficiency of a warranty management policy. Moreover, to this, an underlying support arrange, connected to the warranty time skyline, can give a first way to deal with warranty  scope quantification, save parts provisioning, warranty assignmen t timetable, professionals aptitude levels and so on. Arranging and booking change connected to a warranty program can obviously improve the adequacy and proficiency of program approaches. Such change will rely on upon the time skyline of the examination. classification of critical components of the product which, due to their significance per several factors, deserve to be specially analyzed for the warranty management; choice of repair levels, which are those maintenance levels that are more effective to take the proper actions during the development of a warranty program; tasks definition which refers to those methods that define the maintenance and warranty tasks when a component, in a specific product, fails; required spare parts and allocation. Above are the aspects which are concerned in this section reference models to guide the decision-making process. 3.1 Classification of components: In the definition of logistic support strategy particularly important is the identification of candidates, which are elements to be considered for the logistic support process. According to MIL-STD- 1388-2B logistic support candidates can be defined as follows: Logistic Support Full Candidate: components requiring that their logistic support is analyzed. The knowledge about the logistic support of crucial elements or parts of the product is highly relevant in order to plan, schedule, and organize a proper maintenance and warranty program. Logistic Support Administrative Candidate: these are components that do not require a complete analysis of their logistic support, but they are necessary to be taken into consideration to perform the complete analysis of full candidates. In other words, an administrative candidate is the one which must be manipulated in order to access other candidates of the product. 3.2 Repair Levels: Table 2. Repair levels (MIL-STD-1390D). Repair level Echelon 1 Echelon 2 Echelon 3 Echelon 4 Code C (crew) O(Organizational) F(Intermediate-Forward) H(Intermediate Rear) Significance Developed by the user. Preventive maintenance tasks by the operator General changes for parts and adjustments. Preventive tasks and correction (e.g. durationà ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¬4 man/hour) In-place repair. Change of damaged assemblies. Preventive tasks and correction. (e.g. 4 man à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  h. duration General repair of damaged sets and subsets. Preventive tasks and correction, determined by maintenance manuals when duration à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  50 man/hours. Cost C1 C2 C3 C4 Table 3. Comparison between alternatives. A B C MTBF1 1000 1,000 1,000 MTBF2 1000 8,000 800 L (cost unit) 100 20 40 M (cost unit) 100 40 80 P (cost unit) 200 500 200 N 60% 60% 50% The proposed system recommends an approach to assess whats more, decide how and where a support or, then again warranty errand ought to be executed, to bear the cost of the most minimal cost. Utilizing the officially created documentation for the military part (Table 1), it is conceivable to characterize the levels or echelons at which different costs (direct labour, material, handling.) for the different maintenance echelon. Then, it is possible to minimize an objective function to determine which echelon is the most recommendable to face a repair. A fifth echelon related to reconstructions and major changes performed by the own industrial maintenance (overhaul)is sometimes considered we will analyse if it would be more economical to discard the faulty Camera, rather than repair it. For that intention. we will compare the relative value of a repaired Camera with the cost to buy a replacement (for this generic case, the possibilities in the market will be denominated as A, B and C): Condition applied by the manager to take a  decision: If (MTBF2/MTBF1) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ N Nomenclature MTBF1 = MTBF of a new Camera MTBF2 = MTBF of a repaired Camera N = Predetermined acceptance level (set by the company or contractor) L = Labor required to repair the Camera M = Material required to repair the Camera P = Unit price of a new Camera Possibilities: Computations Results: A: 0.60 B: 0.48 > 0.12 C: 0.30 Decision: A: Discard B: Repair C: Discard Basically, this simplified example shows that if the cost for the repair exceeds a given percentage of the cost of a new item, the decision should be to discard the failed item. A similar way can be followed  to decide between the other repair levels 3.3 Task Definition: In writing, numerous techniques are portrayed to characterize upkeep and warranty task when part of particular item come up short. Considering the military industry, one possible approach is certainly the use of Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) (MIL-STD-1629 6A). In a warranty management context, RCM becomes a trustworthiness examination for the meaning of those undertakings to be performed amid the warranty time frame. The utilization of RCM procedure to characterize the warranty program can be effortlessly clarified considering a common RCM prepare which comprises of the  taking after strides: Selecting systems and collecting information System boundary definition System description and functional block diagram System functions and functional failure Criticality analysis Task definition. Within RCM, the criticality of a failure mode can be assessed by using the Safety Hazard Severity Code (SHSC) as catastrophic, critical, marginal and minor failure (already mentioned in section 3.1) or through a more quantitative assessment (MIL-STD-882): Where, -Cm (modal criticality number): it is calculated for each failure mode of each logistic support item. -Cr (item criticality number): it is calculated for each logistic support item. -ÃŽÂ »P (failure rate): it is usually obtained from fail-ure rate predictions (MIL-HDBK-217, RIAC 217 Plus). -ÃŽÂ ± (failure mode rate): It is usually obtained from failure modes database sources such as (RAC FMD-97). -ÃŽÂ ² (conditional probability): It is the analysts best judgment that the failure will occur, based on the item severity classification. -t (mission phase duration): in military or aero-space sectors, it is an average data of the usual system functioning. After the maintenance task, have been determined which is to be applies during warranty period next task comes which is to define task frequency. Where: TF = Task Frequency MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure) = It indicates system reliability which is calculated using known faikure rate. MTBM (Mean time between maintenance) = One of the categories of maintenance events contributing to the mean time between maintenance actions (MTBMA) value. MTBMnd = (Mean Time Between Maintenance No Defect): One of the categories of maintenance events contributing to the mean time between maintenance actions (MTBMA AOR= Annual Operating Requirements. Once got the recurrence for a particular task, it is possible to decide the required extra parts. For that reason, it is important to know previ-ously the accompanying parameters: Task Frequency every Year and Product Unit (TF) Spares Quantity per Task (QT) With these information, it is conceivable to acquire the Spare Parts Frequency every Year and Product Unit. Considering an exceptionally complex framework, similar to the military flying corps or naval force, this information permits the definition of extra parts assignment in distribution centers of various echelons. In some cases, the whole logistic support process is outsourced to the manufacturer. In this context warranty program efficiency is sensibly affected by logistic decisions such as spare quantity and allocation. In fact, logistic support for military systems is usually carried out in strong collaboration with the manufacturer during the warranty period and longer. . An example of spare parts allocation and inventory management for military aircraft components can be found (Costantino et al. 2010). Summary All through the paper different parts of proficiency identified with the change of the warranty management have been examined. After introducing most critical issues of warranty administration and proposing a system for its administration, it has been analyzed the logistic support applied to complex products and how this support can be focused to facilitate and improve the decision-making process. Furthermore, it has been indicated how segments ought to be repaired, deciding ideas as assignment recurrence and recognizing different levels of repair. Upgrades in warranty administration effectiveness, and in addition the ensuing increment in consumer loyalty, may speak to a key angle in a worldwide rivalry. About the logistic support applied to the warranty management, further research in this field should be focused on the calculation of different costs, combining warranty assistance and maintenance tasks once the warranty period has been expired (to possibly extend the warranty contra ct). Another fascinating improvement could be the blend of RCM with CRM (Customer Relationship Management), considering this as a phase incorporated into the reference system proposed for the warranty administration. Moreover, the incorporation of RCM arrangements with an ERP framework (Enterprise Resource Planning) can enhance not just the meaning of new maintenance and warranty methodologies, additionally the development of constant change. References Blischke, W.R. Murthy, DNP, 2002. Case Studies in Reli-ability and Maintenance. Wiley, New York, (661 xxiii). Chattopadhyay G.N, Murthy D.N.P. 2000. Warranty cost analysis for second-hand products. Math Comput Modelling; 31(10-12):81-88. Chattopadhyay, G. Rahman A., 2008. Development of lifetime warranty policies and models for estimat-ing costs. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 93:522-529. Christensen, D., 1993. Determining an accurate Esti-mate At Completion. National Contract Management Journal ­ 25, 17-25. Chukova, S. Hayakawa, Y. 2004. Warranty cost analysis: non-renewing warranty with repair time. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Appl. Stochastic Models Bus. Ind. 20:59-71. Gonzà ¡lez Dà ­az V., Parra, C., Gà ³mez J.F. Crespo A. 2010. Reference framework proposal for the manage-ment of a warranty program. Proc. of EURENSEAM, Congress Euromaintenance 2010, Verona, Italy.Gonzà ¡lez Dà ­az, V. Crespo Mà ¡rquez, A. 2010. Book Review: Reliability Engineering. Warranty Manage-ment and Product Manufacture (By Murthy D.N.P. . Blischke W.R). Production Planning Control: The Management of Operations, 1366-5871, Volume 21, Issue 7, 2010, Pages 720-721. Gonzà ¡lez Dà ­az, V., Gà ³mez Fernà ¡ndez, J.F., Crespo Mà ¡r-quez,. A. 2011. Practical Applications of AHP for the Improvement of Waranty Management, Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering (JQME), Emerald Wagner, Stephan M.; Jà ¶nke, Ruben; Eisingerich, Andreas B. California Management Review. Summer2012, Vol. 54 Issue 4, p69-92. 24p. 3 Diagrams, 5 Charts. DOI: 10.1525/cmr.2012.54.4.69.

The History Of The Republican Party Politics Essay

The History Of The Republican Party Politics Essay The political parties that are present in our current governmental institution are made up of the Republican Party the Democratic Party. Each party is passionate in their own beliefs and ideologies, while these beliefs clearly define one party from the other. Regardless of your political affiliation these parties are the basis of how our government is run and how laws are created and passed. The Republican Party was created in the 1850s by the common typical United States citizens. During a time where slavery was dominating American culture and lifestyles this party took a stand against slavery. One of the main principles this party was founded on was the belief in free soil, free labor, free speech, and free men. Many of these founders were people who opposed slavery and everything to do with slavery. One of the most known American presidents and the president known for abolishing slavery was Abraham Lincoln who was in fact a Republican. Elected in 1860 Lincoln abolishes slavery and cements the Republicans ideas, virtues and beliefs into American history while becoming the first Republican President. Another name associated with the Republican Party is the GOP, or Grand Old Party, or what was once used was the gallant old party. The Republicans use a symbol that is commonly seen during elections and other political functions, which is an elephant. The elephant was created in 1874 by the cartoonist Thomas Nast in a political cartoon. The elephant obviously has stuck with the party ever since. The Republican Party played a major role in the abolition of slavery, womens suffrage, and overall equality for all American citizens while maintaining that individuals, not government can make the best decisions, and also the belief in small government and less government influence. Republicans are looked upon as being Conservatives and reside on the right side of the political spectrum or continuum. The main beliefs and views of the Republican Party is a belief in a free market economy, low taxes upon all citizens, the party is opposed to same sex marriages, as well as being against openly gay, lesbian or bisexuals from serving in the military. The Republican Party is adamantly against abortion, they support the death penalty and tougher penalties to be enforced upon criminals, and they are also in favor the Patriot Act and other such laws that allow for more invasion of privacy. The Republican Party is strongly against any type of government run healthcare system and any type of strong or overwhelming amount of government control or inclusion in the lives of American citizens. The Democratic Party is the other strong party in our current political system. It is also regarded as the oldest existing political party in the United States, and also one of the oldest in the world. The Democratic Party which was founded in 1792 by Thomas Jefferson was originally created as a way for citizens to fight against the Federalist Party as well as to fight for the Bill of Rights. In 1800, the Democratic Party nominated and eventually elected Thomas Jefferson for President. He then served as the first Democratic President. Following Jefferson the next few Presidential elections were won by Democrats who helped build and strengthen the United States military, and take America through the War of 1812 victoriously. The party was founded on the principle beliefs of states rights and belief in the constitution and abiding by it. Todays Democrats are looked upon to be liberals and are found on the left side of the political spectrum. The main beliefs and views that the Democrat ic Party hold in high regards are the creation of a healthcare system funded by the government that insures all citizens, they are in support of gay and lesbian citizens including their rights to marry and serve openly in the military. They also do not believe there should be any sort of ban that stops gay or lesbian couples from becoming married. The Democratic Party has strong feelings regarding the environment and the effects that we have upon it. The symbol that is commonly used as a representation of the Democratic Party is the donkey. Also illustrated in Thomas Nasts political cartoon in 1874, the donkey has stuck with the party ever since. Although it is not official the Democrats are also represented by the color blue. In the 2000 Presidential race between George W. Bush and Al Gore, the map used to depict which state was won by what candidate shown blue for the Democrats and red for the Republicans. The Democratic Party has been filled with numerous influential and world changing presidents; however the current President Barack Obama has broken down the wall for minorities and will allow for even greater change in both political parties from small local governments to our national government. The two political party groups can differ vary greatly on certain issues and topics that concern the American people but can also be in agreement on many issues.   The Republican Party for instance believes in regards to National Security that we need a strong, versatile, and adaptive military.   One that is capable of defending the United States against new and unknown threats, as well as keeping pace with the nuclear arms race.   Also a National Security that will defend against terrorists on United States soil as well as foreign soil.   Republicans believe we need a strong, growing and well prepared military to defend the nation at a moments notice.   The Democratic Partys stand on National Security is much the same.   They are aware of the potential threats that are out there for American citizens and the world.   From terrorists in Iraq, Iran, or other foreign countries to terrorists that are currently located near or in the United States, they realize that the mil itary is a needed force to keep all U.S. citizens safe. But the Democratic Party does lean to the side of a small military force and more peace among all nations in the world.   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another topic that brings about much discussion between the two political parties is the issue regarding energy and alternative fuels.   The use and advancements in nuclear power, cleaner coal practices, wind power, solar power, and hydropower are just a few of the energy uses that the Republican Party advocates for and promotes more spending research to go towards.   Much like the Republican Party the Democratic Party sees great importance in becoming more energy efficient and independent in the future.   They see the benefit of safer and more environmentally friendly fuels and are advocates to more research and development in this area.   Both parties see the potential for millions of jobs to be created from the advancement in alternative fuels and the progressing industry for our independent energy sources.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However even though many policies and issues both political parties feel in agreement upon there are some issues that the parties are in disagreement over.   One such policy includes the everlasting debate over Healthcare Reform.   The Republicans are adamant about a Healthcare Reform that will benefit people today and in the future, however they are not willing to put billions of taxpayers dollars out to pay for it.   The Republican Party believes that healthcare should not be a government run or heavily influenced entity.   They believe in changes to our current healthcare system that would lower costs for all citizens, making healthcare more affordable and obtainable to the millions of uninsured Americans.   The Republican Party also believes in creating new laws that would help end the tremendous amount of lawsuits being filed against doctors which currently is a major cause for the rising costs of healthcare among patients.   The Democratic Party stance on healthcare is for a total reform.   Ã‚  The Democratic Party believes in a Healthcare system ran and funded by the government that would give healthcare to all American citizens.   Their belief in a healthcare system for all would help promote wellbeing and prevention of future diseases, disorders and health issues, one that would help lessen the gap between what healthcare covers and what it doesnt, as well as promote competition, new technologies, and choice among American citizens and the healthcare field. Other disparities among the Republican Party and the Democratic Party are their beliefs on abortion.   The Republican Party is completely against abortion and is more prolife, while the Democratic Party is in favor of allowing abortion and being more prochoice.   Another policy issue between the two parties is the debate over minimum wage.   Many Democrats are in favor of a higher minimum wage, while Republicans are against a higher minimum wage citing higher costs lead to higher prices for goods and services and higher unemployment.   One major difference between the two political parties that is one of the most evident is their stance on taxes.   The Republican Party which in some instances is more business oriented favors lower taxes for all citizens.   They also in favor of giving tax cuts more often than the Democratic Party does.   The Democratic Party stance on taxes is that they arent a bad thing, and quite often will raise taxes on the American citizens.   Th eir belief in doing so is that the tax money will go to fund different government run assistance groups such as welfare, or any other type of assistance program for people in need.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many differences and similarities between the Republican and Democratic Party.   In class we were educated about the Reactional Actor Strategy where on the continuum there are very few people in the parties on the extreme end, most are near the middle.   This is true for both political parties because they do have their differences, however they are so alike.   Their main goal is to better the American people, but they have their own plan for doing so.   This plan can be different for each political party but it is still a plan to benefit us as citizens.   Each party is striving to reach the middle on the bell curve presented to us.   By doing so they are incorporating ideas and views from the other political party whether they are aware of it or not.   They are attempting to reach the middle area to obtain the most votes.   I believe the parties are more alike they what people say or think they are.   Th ere are some major differences between the parties that make them distinguishable from one another but they all in one way believe in a new Healthcare system, they believe in a National Defense, they believe in educating our younger generations, and they all do believe in becoming more environmentally friendly, fuel efficient, and energy independent.   They are two separate parties, separated by different ideas and beliefs about policies and issues within the U.S. however they are not separated by that much and have more in common with each other then they lead us as American citizens to believe.

Mother and Daughter Relationships in Joy Luck Club and A Hundred Secret

Mother and Daughter Relationships in The Joy Luck Club and A Hundred Secret Senses   Ã‚  Ã‚   In life, many things can be taken for granted - especially the things that mean the most to you. You just might not realize it until you've lost it all. As I walk down the road finishing up my teenage days, I slowly have been finding a better understanding of my mother. The kind of bond that mothers and daughters have is beyond hard to describe. It's probably the biggest rollercoaster ride of emotions that I'll ever have the chance to live through in my lifetime. But, for those of us who are lucky enough to survive the ride in one piece, it's an amazing learning experience that will influence your entire future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In Amy Tan's novels, The Joy Luck Club, and A Hundred Secret Senses, she describes relationships between mothers and daughters reflecting on her own parents experiences in life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Four mothers, four daughters, four families... whose histories shift with the four winds depending on who's "telling" the stories. In 1949, four Chinese women, recent   immigrants to San Francisco, begin meeting to talk, eat dim sum, and play mahjong.. As June's mother said, "Idea was to have a gathering of   four women, one for each corner of the mahjong table" (Joy p.32) Being together in shared unspeakable loss and hope, they call themselves the Joy   Luck Club. Instead of sinking into tragedy, they choose to gather and raise their spirits. "To despair was to wish back for something already lost. Or to prolong what was already unbearable." (Joy p.134) In other words, why sit back and keep pondering the tragedy, it's better to let the past go, and move on.   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Joy Luck Club, Tan examines the sometimes painful, often t... ...ring a closer relationship to their families.    Works Cited and Consulted "Biography of Amy Tan." DIScovering Authors Modules. 1998. GaleNet. "Criticism, Amy Tan" DIScovering Authors, Gale Research Inc, 1996. Buck, Claire. "Amy Tan." The Bloomsbury Guide to Womens Literature. Pg1065 Great Britian: Bloomsbury Publishing, 1992. Shear, Walter. "Generational Differences and the Diaspora in The Joy Luck Club." in <>Critique. Volume 34, No3, Spring 1993 pp 193-99.(on GaleNet Tan Amy. The Hundred Secret Senses, New York; Mass Market Paperback, 1996 Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. New York; Mass Market Paperback, 1994 Willard, Nancy. "Tiger Spirits." in The Women's Review of Books. Vol.6, Nos. 10-11, July 1989, pg12.(on GaleNet) *Amy Tan interview was conducted on the front cover of the hard cover copy addition of The Joy Luck Club.   

The Economic, Medical and Industrial Benefits of Legalizing Marijuana E

The Economic, Medical and Industrial Benefits of Legalizing Marijuana Marijuana is the dried flower clusters and leaves of the hemp plant when taken to induce euphoria. Marijuana has been in existence for centuries even Magellan spoke of it during his trip to India. In his log he spoke of a plant that you smoked that made a man drunk without drinking. Marijuana would be beneficial if legalized because it would bring in extra money, it has medical uses, hemp is one of the best materials in the world and on average it is healthier for you then beer or liquor. The old cash crop of the Americas was tobacco in today's world it is marijuana. More marijuana is transported into and out of this country at a higher rate then tobacco. As of last year there were 1,147,591 of seized marijuana by the United States Coast Guard. If the average price of a pound of marijuana were only fifteen hundred dollars that would put the price at 1,721,386,500 when the GNP (Gross National Product) for year two thousand is projected at 17 billion. If marijuana were actually a taxed good at the normal rate of five percent that would put the price up to 1,807,455,825 it would take the price up a total of one hundred million dollars. Not only would the legalization bring in more then nine percent of the GNP. It would take the amount of drug dealing and money laundering due to dealing down. With this decrease in crime the money spent on police could be put to better use. The police could spend more time in trying to solve crimes such as murders or theft. Though in another area there would have to be a specific police unit to deal with these new stores. The insurance rate would also be astronomically high due to break-ins and the cost of the merchandise ... ...ad is just the sale of smoked marijuana. The sale of hemp wasn't calculated into it that it would just bring up the tax money and possibly take its percentage of GDP up to fifteen or at the most eighteen percent. Medicinal uses of it outweigh by far the supposed cancers it produces. If given the chance marijuana could be the next penicillin a miracle drug curing sicknesses never thought to be curable. Marijuana the so-called gateway drug the highly addictive drug, this was all a lie. Its been shown that marijuana is not even as addictive as caffeine or chocolate. Cigarettes cause twice as many cancers as marijuana and marijuana's non-smoked form causes no cancers while chew cigarettes non-smoking form causes several oral cancers. If these reasons are enough for you to reconsider your view on marijuana laws please visit http://www.norml.com and see what the truth is.

SROP Personal Statement Essay

As a young child growing up in the African countries of Cameroon and Gabon, I witnessed diseases such as malaria, cholera, tuberculosis, tetanus, and HIV/AIDS ravage villages and devastate local family members with horrible deaths. This early exposure to such suffering in my life encouraged a strong desire within me to do something useful to battle these horrific diseases. My first introduction to patient care came from voluntary work at local hospitals in Cameroon and in the United States where I worked assisting with patient transportation, providing food and water, and doing necessary tasks needed by each patient. This experience helped me develop good communication skills and medical technical skills in the hospital environment. I also had the responsibility of caring for a family member with a serious brain injury following a car accident. Assisting this family member allowed me to gain awareness of what is required when caring for patients on a day-to-day basis. These experiences allowed me to realize that not only do patients need research to provide cures for diseases, but that the patients already suffering from diseases also need adequate care. As a junior in the molecular biology program, my long-term goal is to dedicate myself to research in the fields of human biology. In order to achieve this goal, I plan to acquire a MD/PhD degree with research focusing on immunology, cardiovascular, or infectious diseases. A MD/PhD degree would enable me to combine my interest in medical patient care with the rewarding challenges of scientific investigation. The SROP program will help me prepare for a MD/PhD program by providing a platform to develop superior problem solving skills, practice research techniques, and conduct my own research project. I am determined to strive for excellence in all that I do and feel that the SROP program will give me essential tools I need to continue my quest in developing a career in the practical and theoretical aspects of the medical research field.

Anthropology Book Report

This is a importanttain review of, With No Direction headquarters Homeless callowness on the course and in the Streets scripted by Marni Finkelstein. The writer utilizes a region to the homeless person y extincth and highlights on their day-by-day lives, the condition in which they live and the collapse got they go though in the paths.Furtherto a greater extent, the writer through her interviews pick uped first hand devour and which she writes with logical honesty, the adopt which she took its ethnographical methodological analysis for the reason that she combined qualitative interviews and school mirror image. The writer defines who the channels kids ar and so the subscriber get to chouse how they come to be streets kids.She describes the different reasons why most of them elapse their homes to end up organism street y turn uphs. Their vitality in the streets is well tackled in the book on how they alludeionateize in the streets and take a shit chum netw orks. She explains on how peer comp alls weeed wantons them use and contumely substances. Their subsistence in the streets and their daily lives as it is explained in the book gives an insight to the readers to down the stairsstand them correct more.Finkelstein discusses how the youths in the streets argon prone to victimization by the guild they ar ill treated, loaded and discriminated the youths reiterate by world idle for them to survive the hostile environment in which they live. The book concludes with recommendations which would be adopted to fit that the ever increasing numbers of youths in the streets would be reduced and eventually make them open the streets.This chew over falls nether hearty anthropology as the study is make with evidence of how the streets youths, who form a classify of the society currently be guard in social a as enlighten. Social anthropology investigation is an intensive field studies which include musician observation methods like the ones used in this book.The study through with(p) was how social organic law of the youths in the street socializes among them selves and the public. Social anthropology explores indistinctness and contradictions of social life, sociality patterns, conflicts and violence which forms social behavior of a group of the society. It to a fault manner of speaking diversity of positions and perspective found in a social group. This is what is addressed in Finkelstein book when discussing how the street youths socialize and form peer networks which jest at substance, world victimised and violent.The inquiry method used is ethnographic methodology, by combining direct observation and qualitative interviews to provide descriptive study of a group of human society. The study through is about street youths which atomic number 18 a group of human society.The look has focused on sociology through conterminous field observations of social cultural incidents. The inquiry is focusin g on a social group and is able to study their activities and how they affect them and the society at large. It is through with(p) by interviewing swearants several times using discipline from previous informers to ensure that the reading obtained is faultless and dependable to support the writers arguments.The research is done by first selection of a culture and identifications of variables which argon used to obtain information from informants and gather data inform of observation and interview recording. To be skillful the research method used is Micro-ethnography because its the study of narrowly-defined cultural group which in this case its the youths in the streets.When the research was cosmos done there was electric resistance by the street youths to willingly circle information which they were being interviewed. The street youths be victimized by the society and they matte that they be not worth thus they have a feeling that they ar inferior and the research b eing done will not be of any use to them.Trustworthy of the information obtained is one of the challenges encountered in qualitative research. For the writer to obtain a reliable source of information, interviews are done to several of the street children with the same dubiousness and compare their responses to ensure that the facts are accurate.Obtaining a sample on which the research was to be done was a challenging, as none or very few who were willing to be interviewed. On such a social study one is not supposed to influence the informers either by giving them incentives to woo them to provide information because it will be biased and wont reflect the actual scenarios under study. The interviewees are supposed to be instinctive which in this study volunteering was a problem.The youths in the streets are a subculture because they give a diversity of culture in the society. The group way of life and social phenomena is decided with the normal cultural dresss of a family fra me-up where the youths are expected since they are kids to be brought up in a family apparatus where they are provided for until they are independent. Their social practices and morals are utmost much below the set standards of a youth being brought up in their homes where the environment is conducive. Their practice is referred to as social fall out from the cultural setup acceptable by the society.The group is made up of modify age ranges which include youth who are hard-core, refuges and immigrants, runways, squatters, young single mothers and those who are homeless because the entire family is homeless. The group lacks shelter and has difficult to obtain adequate food and they are at risk of nutritional and health problems.Even after being health perspicacious challenged they dont have admission fee to medication this dissolving agent to ailment which nearly times is life threatening hence they experience high mortality rate. The difficulties which they go through coup led with the medicines which they take makes them to be depressed and have mental disorders which makes them military commission suicide and die due to dose overdose which have been registered as the principal cause of deaths among the street childrens.I have recognize that street homeless youths they are a nomadic group of youths who ends up in the streets. After reading the book I come to ingest that they are in the street and who they are due to dowry which are beyond their control. Such as, the unanimous family being homeless or they are refuges or even single mothers. I understand that they abuse substances and are do do drugss peddlers because of peer pressure.They are also discriminated by the society hence they are not employed to earn money this result them to be thugs, sex workers, drug dealers and move in scams to earn so as they can sustain their livelihood. Most of them do not travel very far from their homes to the nearby cities. Travelling of the kids is not an unaccented task because they have little or no money so their main mode of transport is hitchhiking and train bound which both of them are very chanceful.Most of them leave their households where there is an abusive environment or they are simply kicked out from their homes. Finkelstein utter in her book that most of them prevail on the streets for a short menstruum then they seek refuge in shelters and their underlying motives are substance abuse and sense of aimlessness.According to Finkelstein, most of the abused substances in New York is beer and heroin most of them had experimented the drug before they got out of their homes but they bugger off serious addict after they have prolonged their inhabitance in the streets. The excuse they give is that they abuse them because they want to forget their dither such as helplessness and poverty.This group of homeless youths exists in the society because they arose from separate families such as disrupted and non adaptive fami lies. Such families experience divorce, poverty, parental drug abuse, domestic violence and poverty. There is also high rate of Sexual, emotional, and physical abuse which result the children to run away from such environment. There are also a substantial number of the streets youth who run away from children protection services such as childrens homes or even run away to hind from the existing criminal justice systems.After being in the streets for long this group of youths develop sovereign skills and abilities through networks of mutual supports and spirituality. Furthermore, most of them adapt to the hard environments they are exposed to change them to survive for geezerhood in dangerous circumstances.I was surprised to know that the street youths are not there by choice. I sentiment they were in the street as there choice of life. I came to realize that they have been pushed to be at the streets by chastisements / factors which they have no control on. These luckless you ths are really discriminated by the society who does not respect them hence they do not consider them for any form of employment. I was surprised on know this discrimination makes them revolt by being drug dealers, thugs and sex workers as they progress to to survive.I thought that they are young youths who are in street as a choice they have made willingly as a way of life and they are thugs or prostitutes. I thought that they choose to be in the streets so as to pursue their interest of being drug users and dealers which they could only do it more conveniently at the streets.Most of the homeless in the streets of New York are the minor who credibly have suffered a lot of hardship which got them to the streets. These minors are not disposed money when they borrow because its disheartened donations are only given out to worthy charities.This book has acted as a voice to the homeless youths by set off who they are, how they came to be whom they are and how they exist and coexist. It has create a source of reliable information for the readers who would need to know about the street homeless youths.Self-reliance which grew with time by the youths being in the streets for long makes it difficult to come about or reduce them. Once they have been in the streets for long the form social groups and networks which enable them to have some sort of adaptation and building of skills which makes them survive for years in the hostile environment which they are exposed to.ReferencesFinkelstein, M. (2004) With No Direction Home Homeless Youth on the Road and in the Streets, Belmont Wadsworth

Addicted to Smartphones Essay

Have you ever experienced a sudden burst of jape from someone beside you, and when you turn your head, that person is s brush offtily watching his or her cellular telephone rally with tabu trust expenseyizing that he or she is in actualnessly concern and disturbs others? Have you ever paid watchfulness to what citizenry to a gr ejecter extent or less you argon doing when wait for a bus, sitting in the sub track, or level off before a repast comes to the table? How umteen of them are guardianship a smart squall with eyes focalisationed on the screen and fingertips busy dancing substantiate and forth on the touch panel, and never beat bored? With the development of 3G and tuner technology, cell phones are no continuing restricted to simple communications such as calling or texting. aft(prenominal) the appearance of smartphones, things uniform surfing the cyberspace, socializing, victorious photos or stock- as but FaceTime can be through with(p) secly in yo ur hand. mind to a greater extent My Writing Process canvassSmartphones are becoming disjoints of legion(predicate) tidy sums lives. These days, a unused phenomenon named smartphone dependency has emerged. In fact, recently in china, the spread of smartphones has attracted frequently than and more teenaged throng into the public of virtual mesh at the expense of their interaction with sincere world relationships it has too aroused heat discussions on whether or non we should father some actions on limiting this t barency. As a matter of fact, notwithstanding though smartphones make believe created a more advanceible life and establish also changed our way of communication in a digital era, the improper use of smartphones is problematic in our daily lives, and the public should be alive(predicate) of this. It is necessary for the Chinese to net profit dangerous attention to the excessive dep haltence on smartphones, and try to lessen the negative turn of smartphones in our daily interpersonal relationships. before talk round the impacts, we seduce to hire a scent at the smartphone commercialise in china. According to the refreshed figures from worldwide Data Corporation, IDCs worldwide quarterly nimble phone tracker, chinas share of the world(prenominal) smartphone market volition rise to 20.7%, up from 18.2% in 2011 (Moscaritolo). Wong Teck Zhung, the senior market analyst with IDCs Asia/ Pacific client devices team, stated that Chinese smartphone shipments were expected to fill a slim lead all everywhere the U.S. in 2012, and there would be no turning back this lead conversion (qtd. in Moscaritolo). This change in leadership means that china give get going the preeminent country-level market for smartphones. to a greater extentoer, china even oer overlyk the UK and became the second largest country in exertion downloads.A quarter of Angry Birds global downloads lies in China. In 2011, 613,445 application s were available in China, 74% of which were free versus 25% globally (China at your fingertips). By the end of the second quarter of 2012, smartphone users in China induct hit 290 million, while among them, 59% lies in the age host 18-34 (Q2 2012), as indicated from the report released by Iimedia which is the largest telecom and receiving set consulting institution in China. Therefore, young mass have mother major smartphone customers. In terms of the way people communicating, the smartphone vicissitude constitutes a second major milepost after the meshing. The report from Iimedia shows that by the end of this June, the amount of China mobile net users has topped 388 million (Q2 2012). For the head start sentence in Chinese history, mobile net users have gone beyond PC netizens, and turn into the biggest Internet terminal.Since China has become the worlds largest country of smartphone consumption, Chinese are engaging more than ever with electronic media which is represe nted by smartphones. It is worth taking a nigher look to see how dependent Chinese people are upon their smartphones through some info from a film clip make by GroupM Interaction which is the global leading media investment management groupMore than 500 Chinese magazines have more digital downloads than traditional circulation. Single-day mobile proceedings on Taobao during its 12.12 promotion topped RMB two hundred million, while 1 in 5 Taobao users vexes the site via mobile. 2011 mobile e-commerce in China reached RMB 11.5 billion. Westerners pray before eating, while 67% of Chinese take photos and post them on-line. Smartphone users give up their mobile phones every 6 minutes. 38% of smartphone users spend more than 5 hrs a day on their phone. Mobile is the tender cigarette. 92% of y let outh use their mobile phones on the toilet. Each day over 1,000 people start a new romantic relationship via their mobile phones. (China at your fingertips)Based on the training abov e, it is not difficult to see that many people have become too engaged with smartphones. As a result, this serious engagement has led to the unique dependency on smartphones and, consequently, causes Chinese peoples addiction to them. A new claim from the University of Maryland asked 200 students to down the stairstake a 24-hour media-free assignment including their smartphones, and the conclusion found that nigh college students were not just unwilling, but functionally unable to be without their media links to the world (Students addict to Social Media). Here is what the sick director Susan D. Moeller, a journalism prof at the University of Maryland and the director of the transnational Center for Media and the Public Agenda which conducted the study, notesWe were move by how many students admitted that they were incredibly aban through with(p)d to media The students did complain almost how boring it was to go anywhere and do anything without beingness plugged into mu sic on their MP3 players, but what they spoke about in the strongest terms was how their overlook of access to text messaging, phone calling, instant messaging, electronic mail and Facebook, meant that they couldnt connect with friends who lived c pull back by, overmuch less those far away (qtd. In Students Addicted to Social Media).After 24 hours abstinence, the students responses show that students lives are wired unitedly in such ways that opting out of that communication pattern would be tantamount(predicate) to renouncing a social life (Students Addicted to Social Media). Many students did not even documentaryize how much their cell phones had meant to them. In a British study, 36% of the students claimed that they cannot be separated from their cell phones (Ji). Medical governing are even com siceing whether to designate Internet addiction as a disorder in the upcoming fifth strain of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of affable Disorders (Shelton). In fact, not just the U.S, China is under the akin situation of this rattling(prenominal) smartphone addiction. A investigatedone by a multinational market research company, Synovateon, observed 8,lm000 people from all over 11 countries, and found out that people from China and Singapore had the most escaped smartphone-obsessed symptoms (Ji).Due to the fact that closely everyone around is suffering the same condition more or less, many people in China do not consider this addiction as a fearful problem. However, smartphone addiction does become influential in our daily life and affect peoples interpersonal relationship subconsciously. These days, bundle of people interrupt social conversations to break out messages on their mobile devices. More and more Chinese like to take out their cell phones while gathering with friends. looking for at cell phones from prison term to clock cadence has become a major riding habit for many people in China. Barry S. Fagin, a professor of computer science, once state that the Internet has a strong potential drop to adversely affect social relationships (Fagin). With straight offs rapid growth of smartphones and radio technology, Barrys opinion cannot be more proper.Recently, Mr. Zhang, a citizen from Tsingtao, together with his brother went to take to task their grandfather. While the old man assay to talk many times at the table, the children in search were all concentrating on their smartphones until he broke a plate with a recollective face, and asked them to go eat with their cell phones (Ji). More unfortunately, this case is not singular. People have entertaining conversations with strangers online via smartphones, whereas being mean to daily face-to-face talks. Chinese people are easily broad up their real life bosom because of a little smartphone. I have heard my friend saying that let Siri be your friend, but then, what about your real friends?Even so, some may still argue that just like the Internet, sma rtphones have brought the whole world even closer and have made it possible for instant communication. With nowadays boom in technology, with smartphones and our access to the Internet being so easy, the guess of learning access from anywhere at any time means that surmount business leader not be so important and obvious like it was. As an international student studying abroad, FaceTime does allow me to contact my family and friends over the Pacific wherever I want as long as we are both brace and have an iPhone in hand. The appearance of smartphones might seem to have reduced the hold between people.Nevertheless, it is not totally true. Studies have shown that most people still donjon in touch with their personal group of friends and social network in the real life via the Internet and phones (Ji). A man in the U.S. will not be attracted by any Chinese dwelling pages on Facebook, while a Chinese, in most cases, is not interested in reading in English as well. There is not too much for smartphones to contribute in bringing the world closer for many people. Instead, they make the surpass even further, not physically, but mentally. sightly like an online rearrangement of a proverb goes, the farthest distance in the world is not between life and death, but when I stand in front of you, yet you are playing with your cell phone (qtd. in Ji).In the research conducted by the University of Maryland, a student wrote Texting and IM-ing my friends gives me a unalterable feeling of comfort. When I did not have those two luxuries, I felt sooner alone and secluded from my life. Although I go to school with thousands of students, the fact that I was not able to communicate with anyone via technology was almost unbearable(Students Addicted to Social Media). This information is dangerous. Getting used to smartphones makes people even more lonely and isolated from the real world. People, particularly the young generation tends to focus too much on their smartphone s, which is partially a result of their fear of self-loneliness and the lack of the ability of being alone. If things continue in this way, people are losing the ability of daily interpersonal communicating.A study done by Stanford University shown that every other hour people spend in front of their computers, they would cut at least 30 minutes face-to-face communications (Ji), and the same happens to smartphones. This fact has made researchers worried about the neural circuit which controls peoples ability of face-to-face communication will degenerate, thus decreasing the neurotransmitters in the intellect and even losing the whole function of this part (Ji). With time goes on, human will lose the ability of identifying the hidden meaning shtup a certain expression or language from others, which we achieved from a long time evolution. If this worry ever came true, it would be the biggest calamity in the digital era.So, after talking all above, what can be done to eliminate this addiction and help the Chinese to find better ways for utilise their smartphones? Experts suggested that people should take some needful measures (Experts). A game played by my friends might be able to allow for some good advice. Every time hanging out for meals, we will put all of our phones in the center of the table, and whoever is the first one to reach his or her cell phone during the meal is going to pay for everyone. Besides, sports and outdoor exercises will also help. People, especially in China where they normally preventative indoors with nice air-conditioning and comfortable equipment, should open themselves to more outdoor activities. When doing something outdoor, being enveloped under the bright sunshine, sweating a little bit, and completely enjoying yourself, you will find no reason to keep addicted to your smartphones. Compared to the sweetie of nature, zipper really matters.There is nothing wrong with falling in bop with your smartphones. However, the Chine se have to realize the center this love may bring on to them. The improper use of smartphones not just now has negative influence on themselves in real life relationships, but it is also not respectful to others. In the moderne world, of course we cannot live without smartphones, but we can do something more fun. Find what you like instead of smartphones, go for it, and enjoy yourself. Smartphones are just tools, not our complete life. Do not let them take over all our joy of life.Works CitedChina at your fingertips. Dir. Tony Chen. Prod. Bessie Lee. GroupM Interaction, 2012. Film Clip.Experts teach you how to get rid of your cell phone addiction. Medpharm & Health 9 (2012) 5-5. Web. 25 Nov. 2012.Fagin, Barry S. The Internet Makes Distance Matter Less for nifty and Ill. The Internet. Ed. Gary Wiener. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2010. 22-28. 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